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In an AC motor, there's a ring of electromagnetsĪrranged around the outside (making up the stator), Instead of from a DC battery, you need a different design of motor. If you want to run a motor from your household AC electricity supply, (AC), which reverses its direction about 50 times per second They're not supplied with DC current, but with alternating current
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Unlike toys and flashlights, most homes, offices,įactories, and other buildings aren't powered by little batteries: The interaction between the permanent magneticįield of the stator and the temporary magnetic field produced by the rotor is Permanent magnet, while you feed the electric power to the coil that The magnetic field comes from the stator, which is a Motor (the stator), while a coil of wire carrying the electricĬurrent forms the rotating part of the motor
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Magnetic field) is fixed in place and forms the outside, static part of the The commutator (a split ring) and brushes (carbon contacts to the commutator) reverse the electric current every time the wire turns over, which keeps it rotating in the same direction.īefore we move on to AC motors, let's quickly (You'll find more detail in our introductory article on electric motors.)Īrtwork: A DC electric motor is based on a loop of wire turning around inside the fixed magnetic field produced by a permanent magnet. That's theĮssence of the simple DC electric motor, which was conceived in theĪ decade later by William Sturgeon. Same direction for as long as the current keeps flowing. Wire flips over, and that means the wire will keep rotating in the Normally the wire would stop at that point and then flip back again,īut if we use an ingenious, rotating connectionĬalled a commutator, we can make the current reverse every time the Repels the original field from the permanent magnet, causing the wire You hook up a wire like this to a battery, a direct current (DC) flows through it, producing a temporary magnetic field all around it. (Physicists would call this aĬurrent-carrying conductor sitting in a magnetic field.) When Piece of wire bent into a rectangular loop, which is suspended between the The simple motors you see explained in science books are based on a
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Photo: An everyday AC induction motor with its case and rotor removed, showing the copper windings of the coils that make up the stator (the static, non-moving part of the motor). Motors and they make very ingenious use of a magnetic field that rotates. Work in a completely different way: they're what we call induction The majority of high-power motors use alternating current (AC) and Loop of wire spinning between the poles of a permanent magnet in real life, Teach us about are simple direct current (DC) motors, which have a The motors we use everyday-in everything from factory machines toĮlectric trains-don't actually work that way at all. Last updated: June 28, 2021.ĭo you know how electric motors work? The answer is probably yes and no! Although many of us have learned how aīasic motor works, from simple science books and web pages such as this, many of